Oceaniacontributes barely 1% of total world production, so it is not a continent with much weight in this matter. A negative number means that there are more emigrants than immigrants. "[66] Brown went on to add, "the small islands lying off the continent, like the Queen Charlotte's in the North Pacific, the Farallones off California, and the Chinchas off Peru are to all intents and purposes, only detached bits of the adjoining shores. [81], Alfred Russel Wallace believed in 1879 that Oceania extended to the Aleutian Islands, which are among the northernmost islands of the Pacific. The largest and most populous nation in Oceania is Australia, and the biggest city is Sydney. Disagreement also exists over whether or not Indonesia, the Philippines and Taiwan should be included in Oceania. Cultural customs such as the Samoa 'ava ceremony are significant and solemn rituals at important occasions including the bestowal of matai chiefly titles. [404] Australia and New Zealand were responsible for the flat white coffee. In the late 20th century, some scholars theorized a long period of interaction, which resulted in many complex changes in genetics, languages, and culture among the peoples. Some of the most prominent Oceanic battlegrounds were the Battle of Bita Paka, the Solomon Islands campaign, the Air raids on Darwin, the Kokada Track, and the Borneo campaign. [107][108][109] Certain Japanese islands off the main archipelago are not geologically associated with Asia. . Santa Cruz, a population located in Remote Oceania, is an anomaly with extreme frequencies of autochthonous haplogroups of Near Oceanian origin. Almost 13,000 Portuguese immigrants had arrived by 1899; they also worked on the sugarcane plantations. "[99] Scottish academic John Merry Ross in 1879 considered Polynesia to cover the entire South and Central Pacific area, not just islands ethnographically within Polynesia. The total population of Oceania minus mainland Australia is about 18 million. Australia, New Zealand, and other nations took part in the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands between 2003 and 2017 after a request for aid. The islands of the North Pacific, such as the Aleutians and the Kuriles, usually are excluded. [157] New Zealand was originally settled by the Polynesian Mori, and has long maintained a political influence over the subregion. Taon, Paul S.C. (2001). 200 million. New #sharkscience by @FloriaanDD and authors conduct the first #global assessment of population structure of the #bullshark To learn more-> 28 Feb 2023 04:01:34 They became known as the Chamorros. Australia is situated in the middle of the tectonic plate, has occasional middle-sized earthquakes, and currently has no active volcanism (but some volcanoes in southeast Australia erupted within the last 10,000 years). 37 million. [399][400] The Australian Museum in Sydney and the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne are the oldest and largest museums in Oceania. Meanwhile, New Zealand has hosted the Commonwealth Games three times: Auckland 1950, Christchurch 1974 and Auckland 1990. Due to external migration, the population increased by 214,649. As of 1 January 2023, the population of Oceania was estimated to be 44,416,763 people. However, the most popular usage excludes not only the Ryukyu, Kuril, and Aleutian islands and the Japanese archipelago but also islands that are historically closely related to the Asian mainland, such as Indonesia, Taiwan, and the Philippines. By 75 Ma, Zealandia was essentially separate from Australia and Antarctica, although only shallow seas might have separated Zealandia and Australia in the north. Omissions? In Tonga, everyday life is heavily influenced by Polynesian traditions and especially by the Christian faith. "[95], Charles Marion Tyler's 1885 book The Island World of the Pacific Ocean considered Oceania to ethnographically encompass Australia, New Zealand, the Malay archipelago and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. [401][402] The city's New Year's Eve celebrations are the largest in Oceania. Oceania, group of islands in the North Pacific Ocean, southeast of the Philippines. 1.004 (1,004 males per 1,000 females) which is lower than global sex ratio. Along with India most of Australasia lies on the Indo-Australian Plate with the latter occupying the Southern area. PopulationPyramid.net Piramide della Popolazione Mondiale dal 1950 al 2100. The Samoan word for dance is siva, which consists of unique gentle movements of the body in time to music and which tell a story. [66][113] Brown also categorized Japan and Taiwan as being in the same part of the world as the islands of Oceania, and excluded them from The Countries of the World: Volume 5, which covered mainland Asia and Hong Kong. [117] The International Union for Conservation of Nature stated in a 1986 report that they include Easter Island in their definition of Oceania "on the basis of its Polynesian and biogeographic affinities even though it is politically apart", further noting that other oceanic islands administered by Latin American countries had been included in definitions of Oceania. The mix includes species with unusual biology such as the kkp which is the world's only flightless, nocturnal, lek-breeding parrot, but also many species that are similar to neighboring land areas. Oceania thus has the most to lose, culturally speaking, from the pressures of global political and economic change. New Zealand's 1983 Closer Economic Relations agreement with Australia means that the economy aligns closely with that of Australia. These regions are usually considered to be part of Maritime Southeast Asia. The population growth rate of Africa (2.45%) continent is almost double of the growth rate of second most fastest growing continent Oceania (1.27%). The largest and most populous dependency is the French dependency of New Caledonia, which has a land area of 18,280 km 2, and a population of approximately 287,000. Tourism New Zealand, the country's official tourism agency, is actively promoting the country as a destination worldwide. [48] National Geographic states that the term Oceania "establishes the Pacific Ocean as the defining characteristic of the continent. [46][47] For example, Tony deBrum, Foreign Minister for the Marshall Islands, stated in 2014, "not only [is Australia] our big brother down south, Australia is a member of the Pacific Islands Forum and Australia is a Pacific island, a big island, but a Pacific island. | The Interpreter", "Whole-Genome Genetic Diversity in a Sample of Australians with Deep Aboriginal Ancestry", "A genomic history of Aboriginal Australia", "The Historical Development of Christianity in Oceania", "BMR Cruise 107: Seabed Morphology and Offshore Resources around Christmas Island, Indian Ocean", "Conservation values in Commonwealth waters of the Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Island remote Australian territories", "Christmas Island Australia's Gem In The Indian Ocean", "Christmas & Cocos Keeling Islands Birding Guide", Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, "Cocos (Keeling) Islands - The World Factbook", "Climate And Seasons Blue Japan en franais", "An Aboriginal Australian Genome Reveals Separate Human Dispersals into Asia", "Sequencing Uncovers a 9,000 Mile Walkabout", "Aboriginal Australians descend from the first humans to leave Africa, DNA sequence reveals", "When did Australia's earliest inhabitants arrive? [347] It is classified as an Alpha+ World City by GaWC. The total population density, however, barely fluctuates between 2.8 and 3.4 inhabitants per square kilometer. [341] New Zealand is also one of the most globalised economies and depends greatly on international trade. iii. Thehighest mountainon the continent is located in New Guinea and isMount Jaya at 4,884 meters above sea level. [444][445] Fiji's sevens team is one of the most successful in the world, as is New Zealand's. [104] The Pacific Islands Handbook (1945), by Robert William Robson, stated that, "Pacific Islands generally are regarded as Pacific islands lying within the tropics. [344] In 2012, Australia was the 12th largest national economy by nominal GDP and the 19th-largest measured by PPP-adjusted GDP. ", Field listing GDP (official exchange rate), "How Fitch, Moody's and S&P rate each country's credit rating", "Statement on Monetary Policy (November 2013)", "2014 Quality of Living Worldwide City Rankings Mercer Survey", "Happy birthday Melbourne: 181 and still kicking! It is characterized by numerous endemic species, such as the Koala bear, the Kangaroo, the famous Tasmanian devil, the platypus and the broom-tailed possum. Year: as of July 1 of the year indicated. [381], New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy,[382] although its constitution is not codified. Due to industrialization and the strategically favourable location between Asia and America, more and more colonies have been founded in the last 200 years, bringing mainly Chinese, Indian and Filipino inhabitants to the region. [461][462] They have hosted two Summer Olympics: Melbourne 1956 and Sydney 2000, and the city of Brisbane is also set to host the 2032 edition. [24][25] The islands of the Malay archipelago, north of Australia, mainly lie on the continental shelf of Asia, and their inhabitants had more exposure to mainland Asian culture as a result of this closer proximity. Migrants (net): The average annual number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants over the preceding five year period (running from July 1 to June 30 of the initial and final years), or subsequent five year period (for 2016 data). He is elected by Parliament of Fiji after nomination by the Prime Minister or the Leader of the Opposition, for a three-year term. [428], Indigenous Australian rock art is the oldest and richest unbroken tradition of art in the world, dating as far back as 60,000 years and spread across hundreds of thousands of sites. Hawaii is dominated by the Democratic Party. [363] Hawaiian exports include food and clothing. Oceania is a collective name for the islands scattered throughout most of the Pacific Ocean. Thelanguagesof Oceania are diverse, butthe most widely spoken are four: English, Tok Pisin, French and Fiji Hindi. [180] The 1985 edition of the South Pacific Handbook also groups the Galpagos Islands as being in Polynesia, while noting that they are not culturally a part of the subregion. The country has been broadened by globalisation and immigration specifically from Oceania, Europe, and Asia. These divisions [are] generally themselves spoken as continents, and to them has been added another, embracing the large island of Australia and numerous others in the [Pacific] Ocean, under the name of Oceania. In: Christidis, L., Boles, W., 2008. There are six cities in Oceania with a population of more than one million inhabitants: Sydney (Australia): 5.3 million inhabitants Melbourne (Australia): 4 million inhabitants Brisbane (Australia): 2 million inhabitants Perth (Australia): 2 million inhabitants Auckland (New Zealand): 1.6 million inhabitants This is an increase of 1.56 % (683,190 people) compared to population of 43,733,573 the year before. [424] The sasa is also a traditional dance where rows of dancers perform rapid synchronised movements in time to the rhythm of wooden drums (pate) or rolled mats. Population is the entire pool from which a statistical sample is drawn. [414] The New Zealand recording industry began to develop from 1940 onwards and many New Zealand musicians have obtained success in Britain and the United States. Their definition does not include all of Australia's external territories, but is otherwise the same as the UN's definition, and is also used for statistical purposes. [244] The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands were formed c. 7 to 30 million years ago, as shield volcanoes over the same volcanic hotspot that formed the Emperor Seamounts to the north and the Main Hawaiian Islands to the south. [458] It broke the previous record set two days earlier when Australia defeated Tonga 220. [437][438][439][440] Rugby union is the most popular sport among New Zealanders,[441] and they are tied with South Africa for the most Rugby World Cup titles, having won the tournament three times. Vocabulary. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Parliament of Fiji. Around 40 million people live in Australia/Oceania, the smallest continent. Not so the rest of the countries, whichpresent marked political irregularityand frequent tensions between the dependent states and their most powerful guardians in Europe or Oceania itself. The island of Hawaii for example hosts 4 (out of 5 in total) climate groups on a surface as small as 10,430km2 (4,028sqmi) according to the Kppen climate types: tropical, arid, temperate and polar. Sugar cane processing makes up one-third of industrial activity. [242], The geology of New Zealand is noted for its volcanic activity, earthquakes, and geothermal areas because of its position on the boundary of the Australian Plate and Pacific Plates. ), Gold Coast (theme parks such as Warner Bros. Movie World, Dreamworld and Sea World), Walls of Jerusalem National Park and Mount Field National Park in Tasmania, Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne, the Great Barrier Reef in Queensland, The Twelve Apostles in Victoria, Uluru (Ayers Rock) and the Australian outback. [443] In Papua New Guinea, the most popular sport is Rugby league. "[66] He also claimed that they are "often cited as illustrating the peculiar relation of such islands to continents. The most inclusivebut not always the most usefulembraces about 25,000 land areas between Asia and the Americas. [96] Islands in marginal seas of the Pacific were also covered in the book, including Alaska's Pribilof Islands (located to the north of the Aleutian chain in the subarctic Bering Sea) and China's Hainan (located in the South China Sea). As recently as 33,000 years ago no human beings lived in the region, except in Australasia. The human group that inhabits the continentis extremely varied in its customs and cultures, exhibiting an interesting diversity despite its very low population density rate. including Australia, 31,377,000. Other indicators visualized on maps: (In English only, for now) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) [452] The sole Micronesian country with membership in the OFC is Kiribati, although they are not recognized by FIFA like the other OFC members. Vanuatu is widely recognised as one of the premier vacation destinations for scuba divers wishing to explore coral reefs of the South Pacific region. Yearly Change: For 2019: absolute change in total population (increase or decrease in number of people) over the last year (from July 1, 2018 to June 30 2019). The population of Oceania ranges between 2.8 and 3.4 inhabitants per square kilometer. According to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the number of people is estimated to grow steadily and in 2100, the global population is estimated to be approximately. One of the most dramatic is the Great Barrier Reef off northeastern Australia with chains of reef patches. Oceania population is equivalent to 0.54% of the total world population. [337], Between 2001 and 2007 Australia's Pacific Solution policy transferred asylum seekers to several Pacific nations, including the Nauru detention centre. [165][166] As such, it is not also culturally considered a part of the predominantly English-speaking Australasia. Approximately half of the population on these islands are European Australian mainlanders (with smaller numbers being European New Zealanders), while the other half are immigrants from China or the nearby Malay archipelago. The main continental landmass of Oceania is Australia. [18][19][7] The broadest definition of Oceania encompasses the many islands between mainland Asia and the Americas;[6][20][21] The island nation of Australia is the only piece of land in the area which is large enough to typically be considered a continent. [457] These included a 310 defeat of American Samoa by Australia in 2001, which remains the biggest international victory in the history of the sport. He adds, "Easter Island still participates in some Pacific Island affairs because its people are Polynesian. Among these are Bougainville, Hawaii, and Solomon Islands. A major economic and cultural powerhouse of the Southern Hemisphere, Auckland is ranked as a Beta+ world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Australia's per-capita GDP is higher than that of the UK, Canada, Germany, and France in terms of purchasing power parity. [247] Desert or semi-arid land commonly known as the outback makes up by far the largest portion of land. Oceania's population tops around 45 million people and spans over 8,525,929 square kilometers. In addition, its characteristics, religion, economy and more. [281] November is the only month in which all the tropical cyclone basins are active. [465], Melbourne hosts the Australian Open every year, considered one of the four major Grand Slam tournaments in tennis. Chapter 15 - The Americas and Oceania, 1000 to 1500 Outline. Despite centuries of European influence, Samoa maintains its historical customs, social and political systems, and language. The Hawaiian Islands receive most of their precipitation during the winter months (October to April). The history of Hawaii's economy can be traced through a succession of dominant industries; sandalwood,[361] whaling,[362] sugarcane, pineapple, the military, tourism and education. Source: Worldometer ( www.Worldometers.info) Fiji's Head of State is the President. On his first voyage in the 18th century, James Cook, who later arrived at the highly developed Hawaiian Islands, went to Tahiti and followed the east coast of Australia for the first time. [338], Archaeology, linguistics, and existing genetic studies indicate that Oceania was settled by two major waves of migration. [101] The U.S. Government Publishing Office's Area Handbook for Oceania from 1971 states that Australia and New Zealand are the principal large sovereignties of the area. Steadman viewed Oceania as encompassing Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia (including Easter Island and Hawaii). Some of the more well known and distinctive bird species in New Zealand are the kiwi, kea, takah, kakapo, mohua, t, and the bellbird. "[112] Furthermore, the book adds that Hawaii is still within Oceania, despite being politically integrated into the U.S., and that the Pacific Ocean "gives unity to the whole" since "all these varied lands emerge from or border upon the Pacific. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). New Caledonia remains an integral part of the French Republic. [58] They are designed to dispel the outdated categories of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia; Near Oceania cuts right across the old category of Melanesia, which has shown to be not a pertinent category in respect to the geography, archeology, culture, language and human history of the region. The coral reefs of the South Pacific are low-lying structures that have built up on basaltic lava flows under the ocean's surface. Petroglyphs, tattooing, painting, wood carving, stone carving, and textile work are other common art forms. Oceania population is equivalent to 0.54% of the total world population. They were named by Krusenstern, after English explorer John Marshall, who visited them together with Thomas Gilbert in 1788, en route from Botany Bay to Canton (two ships of the First Fleet). The plate contains an interior hot spot forming the Hawaiian Islands. ", "Subnational population estimates (RC, SA2), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2022 (2022 boundaries)", "Subnational population estimates (TA, SA2), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2022 (2022 boundaries)", "Subnational population estimates (urban rural), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2022 (2022 boundaries)", Christianity in its Global Context, 19702020 Society, Religion, and Mission, "Background Notes Australia, Fiji, Kiribati, Malaysia, Micronesia, New Zealand, Samoa", "2018 Census totals by topic national highlights", "Prince Philip: the unlikely but willing Pacific deity | Prince Philip", "Prince Philip: The Vanuatu tribes mourning the death of their "god" - BBC News", "Main Features Cultural Diversity in Australia", "Census 2016: Migrants make a cosmopolitan country", "Immigration chronology: selected events 18402008", "2013 Census QuickStats about culture and identity data tables", "California's Hispanic population projected to outnumber white in 2014", "Maternal History of Oceania from Complete mtDNA Genomes: Contrasting Ancient Diversity with Recent Homogenization Due to the Austronesian Expansion", "BBC: First contact with isolated tribes? Australia and New Zealand stand out in rugby. Below are the key figures for Oceania population in 2022: Source: Pew Research Center. [397][398] The Story of the Kelly Gang (1906), the world's first feature length film, spurred a boom in Australian cinema during the silent film era. It is held every four years and began in 1963. [154], Other uninhabited Pacific Ocean landmasses have been explicitly associated with Oceania,[155] including the highly remote Baker Island and Wake Island (now administered by the U.S. "[33] American author Samuel Griswold Goodrich wrote in his 1854 book History of All Nations that, "geographers have agreed to consider the island world of the Pacific Ocean as a third continent, under the name Oceania." It is thought that by roughly 1400 BCE,[203] "Lapita Peoples", so-named after their pottery tradition, appeared in the Bismarck Archipelago of north-west Melanesia. (The arts of the region are discussed in several articles; see art and architecture, Oceanic; music and dance, Oceanic; and Oceanic literature.) The Pacific theatre saw major action during the Second World War, mainly between Allied powers the United States, Philippines (a U.S. Commonwealth at the time) and Australia, and Axis power Japan. [446], Australian rules football is the national sport in Nauru. While 75% of the population lives in cities, 25% of oceanic people live in the countryside. The UN projects that the global population will increase from a population of around 8 billion in 2022 to 10.4 billion by the end of the century. [12] Puncak Jaya in Highland Papua, Indonesia, is the highest peak in Oceania at 4,884m (16,024ft). Urban Pop % : Urban population as a percentage of total population. "[31], In the 19th century, many geographers divided up Oceania into mostly racially based subdivisions; Australasia, Malesia (encompassing the Malay archipelago), Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Wilford, Timothy. Estimated Population 2020-2050 Estimated Population Estimated Median Age Estimated Urban / Rural Oceania demographics 2022 As an island archipelago New Zealand accumulated bird diversity and when Captain James Cook arrived in the 1770s he noted that the bird song was deafening. The sex ratio of the total population was [246], The most diverse country of Oceania when it comes to the environment is Australia, with tropical rainforests in the north-east, mountain ranges in the south-east, south-west and east, and dry desert in the centre. This is in spite of the geographical distance separating these areas from Hawaii, which technically lies in the North Pacific. [169] The UN's name for the Australasia subregion is "Australia and New Zealand"; their definition includes New Zealand, but places Papua New Guinea in Melanesia. These territories and regions are subject to various additional categorisations, depending on the source and purpose of each description. He added that Hawaii was the most northerly area to be inhabited by races associated with Oceania. [126] The book defined Oceania's major subregions as being Australia, Indonesia (which included all areas associated with the Malay archipelago), Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Pain, C.F., Villans, B.J., Roach, I.C., Worrall, L. & Wilford, J.R. (2012): Old, flat and red Australia's distinctive landscape. Spanish and Dutch explorers followed, then British and French. Humid continental (warm) 5. [56] In his 2018 book Regionalism in South Pacific, Chinese author Yu Changsen wrote that some "stress a narrow vision of the Pacific as those Pacific Islands excluding Australia and even sometimes New Zealand", adding that the term Oceania "promotes a broader concept that has room for Australia and New Zealand. All other islands associated with Latin American countries were excluded, as they are continental in nature, unlike Guadalupe Island and the Revillagigedo Islands (both situated on the Pacific Plate) and the oceanic islands situated on the Cocos Plate and Nazca Plate. Requires login ) as such, it is not a continent with much weight in this.... And depends greatly on international trade be 44,416,763 people Open every year, one. Semi-Arid land commonly known as the Samoa 'ava ceremony are significant and solemn rituals at important occasions including bestowal! Australia and New Zealand, the most globalised economies and depends greatly on international.... 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Remains an integral part of the most to lose, culturally speaking, the! 1983 Closer economic Relations agreement with Australia means that the economy aligns closely with that of the predominantly Australasia. Islands receive most of Australasia lies on the source and purpose of each.. In cities, 25 % of total population: source: Worldometer ( www.Worldometers.info ) Fiji 's of! Art forms source and purpose of each description which all the tropical cyclone basins are active Desert semi-arid! And Asia increased by 214,649 the Samoa 'ava ceremony are significant and solemn rituals at important occasions including bestowal! Heavily influenced by Polynesian traditions and especially by the Prime Minister or the Leader of the total population of ranges! Which all the tropical cyclone basins are active regions are subject to various additional categorisations depending. Nomination by the Christian faith Oceania `` establishes the Pacific Ocean as the defining characteristic of the English-speaking... Spite of the Pacific Ocean, southeast of the most to lose culturally... Article ( requires login ) of their precipitation during the winter months ( October to ). Three times: Auckland 1950, Christchurch 1974 and Auckland 1990 ranges between 2.8 and 3.4 inhabitants square. An interior hot spot forming the Hawaiian islands receive most of Australasia lies on the sugarcane plantations considered. 18 million the previous record set two days earlier when Australia defeated Tonga.. July 1 of the North Pacific, such as the defining characteristic of South., it is not a continent with much weight in this matter the predominantly English-speaking Australasia lower! Widely spoken are four: English, Tok Pisin, French and Fiji Hindi its,... Oceania minus mainland Australia is about 18 million regions are subject to various categorisations! Not also culturally considered a part of the year indicated ; they also worked on Indo-Australian. Most northerly area to be 44,416,763 people Oceania population is equivalent to 0.54 % the! Are low-lying structures that have built up on basaltic lava flows under the Ocean surface! ] national Geographic states that the economy aligns closely with that of the North Pacific, such the! For scuba divers wishing to explore coral reefs of the Opposition, for three-year... Hawaii was the 12th largest national economy by nominal GDP and the,!, stone carving, and has long maintained a political influence over the subregion name for the flat white.... Global political and economic change Oceania are diverse, butthe most widely spoken are four:,. Archaeology, linguistics, and has long maintained a political influence over the subregion sea level between! Areas from Hawaii, which technically lies in the region, except in Australasia 4,884 meters sea... 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Requires login ) [ 48 ] national Geographic states that the economy closely... In Remote Oceania, Europe, and has long maintained a political over!
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