For this very reason, many pet parents reach for natural and herbal products that promise good safety profiles and minimal side effects. Luckily, the risk of these symptoms is low. Dana works tirelessly to educate pet owners so they can be the driving force to change veterinary medicine for dogs and make their world a safer place. If you want a supplement, you should first decide what you want to use this mushroom for. In this case, you can calculate it yourself: Another way around calculating your dogs dosage is simply to ask your vet. PSK may also help, but its not as commonly used. Turkey tail mushroom is used in mushroom supplements for dogs with cancer to attack cancer cells. 4. One of the most famous turkey tail benefits is its ability to modulate the immune system. If your pet is disease-free or has one of the many types of cancer that can inflictdogs, Turkey Tail may help them. Turkey tail mushrooms can help crowd out yeast by feeding beneficial bacteria colonies. amzn_assoc_placement = "adunit0";amzn_assoc_search_bar = "true";amzn_assoc_tracking_id = "yodoggydog-20";amzn_assoc_ad_mode = "manual";amzn_assoc_ad_type = "smart";amzn_assoc_marketplace = "amazon";amzn_assoc_region = "US";amzn_assoc_title = "My Amazon Picks";amzn_assoc_linkid = "9e6f62b8103d0dcd14876eb6932ea02f";amzn_assoc_asins = "B01DPWOQ2C,B01N0EB4IT,B07FWPPGWT,B00MY4OA6A,B07D3G3ZFX"; Some evidence suggests that turkey tail for dogs may help balance their immune system, combat yeast and improve digestion processes. Its also unclear if this ingredient is safe for pregnant and lactating dogs. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Dogs are naturally exposed to free radicals throughout their lives from a variety of external factors, such as pollutants, smoke, x-rays, stress, processed foods, and medication. In traditional Chinese medicine, its called Yun Zhi. 30kg dog would take 3000 mg (3 g) daily at the maximum dosage. When yeast is out of control, it can cause itchy skin, ear infections, and hot spots. Regulate Immunity Turkey tail mushrooms are potent immune modulators. Plus get new recipes delivered right to your inbox. Dogs treated with a compound derived from the turkey tail mushroom. Turkey tail mushrooms for dogs and cats (and humans of course) contain a ton of antioxidants, including phenols and flavonoids. They have been used for centuries to treat various conditions due to containing compounds beneficial to health. The iHeartDogs Bone Broth For Dogs Immune Support Powder is one of many canine supplements that utilize this ingredient. Without surgery and without chemotherapy. ( 4) As always, you should monitor your dog after giving her a new food or supplement to make sure she doesnt react. Green Lipped Mussels For Dogs: Replace Those Harmful NSAIDs, Why Rice Is A Dangerous Dog Food Ingredient, Don't Miss Our Latest Training Videos And Health Guides. Complement Immune is a supplement that can support both of these conditions in dogs and cats. Yes, medicinal mushrooms like Turkey Tail have many well-documented medicinal properties and health benefits. If the tumors affect the internal organs, youll usually see: The sad news about hemangiosarcoma in dogs is that the survival rate is not very long. Turkey Tail Mushrooms aren't just for dogs fighting cancer. Turkey tail is part of the polypore family because they contain tiny pores to release spores. 3. Mycelium is the root of the mushroom and not the entire fruiting body. These mushrooms dont have stems, but instead, they grow directly from trees and logs. The individuals who should be concerned are those with pre-existing health concerns and mushroom allergies. But, if your dog is given a long lifespan using evidence-based treatments, that could be the most logical option to take. Enough with the info about turkey tail mushrooms for humans. Of the pets that broke out in hives, he attributed it to the ingredients in the commercially available product and NOT the Turkey Tail mushrooms. In fact, research shows that there are over 35 different phenolic compounds turkey tail mushroom extract! Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. In this post, were exploring what turkey tail is and delving into the research on its reported health benefits for dogs. Raw turkey tail mushrooms are also hard to chew. This is found in all mushrooms and it acts like cholesterol in humans. Allergy symptoms that get out of hand could lead to yeast and bacterial infections. The dogs underwent a double-blind study with no concurrent treatments. The word versicolor means of many colors, which refers to the several colored rings on the mushrooms. Canine Matrix (Best Turkey Tail Mushroom Powder for Dogs) 5. Supports Immune Function When the immune system is weak, the body is susceptible to various diseases, bacterial infections, and allergies. When the levels of yeast in your dogs body becomes unbalanced, it can overtake and cause problems like: Since turkey tail has antifungal properties, it can help balance out yeast by fighting unnecessary levels. But its important to note that each vary in their scientific data. If youre using a powered turkey tail supplement for dogs, you can sprinkle it in her food or mix it in with something she loves. A Guide on CBD for Puppies, Is it Safe to Use Human Probiotics for Dogs? A brand that has incorporated a blend of mushrooms, like Shiitake, Reishi, and Maitake, will have added benefits and rich beta-glucan content. Researchers suspect that turkey tail mushrooms have a similar effect on dogs as they do on humans, so theyre often used in canine supplements for immune support. Please support the hard working holistic vets who make this information possible. Providing proper immune system support is a great way to do so. Give them a call and tell them the product you purchased. mushrooms are combined with herbal mixtures to treat cancer. While they haveapprovedclinical trials with Turkey Tail, the FDA does not approve dietary supplements as a whole. You can feel safe and assured that you are getting the best Chinese herbal remedies for your pet. Although this can help kill the cancer, it can have negative side effects, like weakening the immune system. The correct turkey tail dosage for dogs depends on the product youre using, so check the label. Scientifically named the Coriolus Versicolor, Trametes Versicolor, or Yun Zhi in China, the Turkey Tail has formed a part of Traditional Chinese Medicine for centuries. Theyre immune modulating and are nice prebiotics. You may experience digestion issues, such as bloating or gas. Visit Dana's Labradors at. This natural mushroom compound for dogs is chock full of turkey tail, shiitake, lion's mane, maitake, Phellinus, cordyceps, and Reishi mushrooms. However, researchers found that treating it with PSP in turkey tail seemed to improve the lifespan. She's a sought-after speaker and loves to help dog owners give their dog a healthier, more natural life. Surgery can extend the survival time to 1 3 months. If left untreated, most dogs survive just days or weeks. While veterinary studies of the medicinal mushroom are scarce, its believed that Turkey Tail may have similar benefits in cancer patients and their furry companions. Turkey tails are also prebiotics, which feed probiotics to enhance the immune system further. Dogs are incapable of breaking down and digesting these dense cell walls. [Research] Turkey Tail Increased Survival In Dogs With Hemangiosarcoma, Single agent polysaccharopeptide delays metastases and improves survival in naturally occurring hemangiosarcoma. Studies have not yet determined the safety issues of the Coriolus Versicolorlong-termtreatment. So, consider adding these unique fungi to their diet so your pup can be happier and healthier. Turkey tail is also sold in extract form. When the results were analyzed, the researchers found the dogs given the PSP had a much longer time until metastasis. Or are they being affected by other ingredients in their diet? Theres quite a few reported benefits of turkey tail mushroom for dogs. 714-669-9074. As noted above, any mushroom may irritate a dogs digestion. Rather offer powdered supplements that have been prepared for your pet. In fact, PSP has been approved as an anti-cancer drug in Japan and China. The Food and Drug Administration doesnt want manufacturers to mislead you to believe false claims on supplement products. Active Ingredients: Mushroom immunity blend. Even with treatment, the median survival rate for hemangiosarcoma is poor. Visit Dana's Labradors at. The Spaw Cam. Beta-glucans can also stimulate other immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells and T-leukocytes, which are an important part of the adaptive immune system. Other mushrooms could cause similar concerns if not served properly. For example, some dogs with cancer have high dosages. They may be able to recommend a brand that they trust. Other research suggests it could be useful for gut bacteria and preventing obesity. Remove the tea from the heat, and cool completely. Yeast is essential for helping dogs digest food, but it can get out of control. In a 2012 study, turkey tail was also associated with better survival times in people with various cancers. But the treatment groups saw much better survival times: We were shocked, said professor and department chair Dorothy Cimino Brown. The mushrooms can feed beneficial bacteria and increase immune system function to fight excess yeast. Speak to your family vet if you have any concerns. These bind to receptors in immune cells, which can trigger immune changes. While your dog can get turkey tail mushroom benefits from cooked mushrooms, most pet parents prefer to choose a supplement. The easiest way to serve powder supplements is by pouring them over your dogs meals. These polysaccharides are what activate the immune system to fight things like cancer cells and infections. Lets take a look . Since these were formulated with humans in mind, most wont come with dosage instructions for dogs. Exit menu Products. In fact, this is how mushrooms have always been prepared in traditional Chinese medicine. The immune system and IgE antibodies are well equipped to deal with worms and internal parasites and beta-glucans help improve that response. Double Wood Supplements (Another Good Option for Turkey Tail Mushroom Capsules) 4. Theres more reasons why the mushroom may have advantages for our furry pals. The most common types of allergies in dogs are food allergies, environmental allergies, and parasite allergies. Turkey Tail Mushrooms and Hemangiosarcoma. The Turkey Tail mushrooms purpose in nature is to decompose dead logs around the world. The turkey tail fungus is found throughout North America, Asia, and Europe. Plus get new recipes delivered right to your inbox. Of its most impressive qualities is its ability to enhance the health These beneficial bacteria reduce digestive inflammation, produce important vitamins and fatty acids, and form another important part of your dogs immune system. If youve decided to feed your dog turkey tail mushrooms in natural form, avoid giving it to her fresh. A great starter mushroom to collect while foraging in the wild, turkey tail can be found growing on decayed logs in forests all over the globe and is not specific to a certain . You also want to check the label for common allergens like corn, starch, soy, or dairy. Your dog deserves to get the best quality products, especially when it comes to consumables. Turkey tail isnt just a good looking mushroom its good for your dog too! They get the name turkey tail because the shape and coloring of the mushroom closely resemble a turkeys tail. Read some reviews to see what other pet parents are saying about the product in question. Thus, consuming this ingredient can reduce the risk of inflammation in areas like the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts. By signing up, you agree to the our terms and our Privacy Policy agreement. If you add these fungi to your dogs diet, you might notice some of the following benefits. So today, I want to share an important study with you. As an alternative, cook it plainly or use a supplement or extract instead. Turkey tail is also anti-fungal, which makes it a good addition to your yeast fighting regimen. Even after the spleen is removed, your dog's survival rate is less than 12 months. An in-vitro study compared the beta-glucans from turkey tail to the chemotherapy drug Cyclophosphamide. Its an aggressive cancer thats primarily found in the spleen. Turkey tail mushrooms can also regulate the immune cells that control inflammation. In fact, its one of the most researched mushrooms there is. These promising results prompted researchers to examine how this powerful mushroom might impact the survival time in dogs with hemangiosarcoma. Turkey tail mushrooms are safe for dogs and sold in supplement form specifically for them. Conventional treatment will also include chemotherapy. Some supplements are sold as blends containing turkey tail and other herbs. Hot water extraction helps break down all the nutrients, drawing out the beta-glucans from the mushroom fruiting body. If you use our Mushroom Immune Soft Chews, give 1 soft chew daily for each 10 pounds of body weight to achieve immune benefits for your dog. So, you may notice less itching and scratching if your dog is taking this ingredient. Beta-glucans act as a potent anti-inflammatory and immune system boosting agent, which is why turkey tail mushrooms are fed to dogs suffering from cancer. For non-small cell lung cancer: 3.06 g/day for 1 month of extract form (PSP). Turkey tail mushrooms also help treat inflammation of the digestive tract and urinary tract in dogs. Our mission is to provide pet parents just like you with the most up-to-date expert information and resources you need to make better, more informed decisions that support the health and happiness of your companion animals. Cancer-fighting abilities. Home > Cancer > [Research] Turkey Tail Increased Survival In Dogs With Hemangiosarcoma. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. But the median survival time was highest in the 100 mg group at 199 days. Dana Scott is the founder of Dogs Naturally Magazine. While were talking about digestive health, turkey tail is also a healthy prebiotic. Most pup parents give their dog a supplement containing turkey tail mushroom rather than cooking raw mushroom alone. Finally, turkey tail mushrooms also contain health-boosting phytochemicals including the antioxidant phenolic compounds gallic acid, protocatechuic acid and catechin. Instead, sneak it into a piece of food, such as a cube of cheese. The cell wall of the mushroom is indigestible to dogs (and humans), so extracting the mushrooms in hot water makes the medicinal ingredients more available and safer to eat. Since turkey tail mushrooms regulate a dogs immune system, they can protect them from cancer and other major health concerns. Most dogs with this cancer survive less than 86 days, even if the spleen is removed. The antioxidants in turkey tail mushrooms, such as phenols and flavonoids, help control the free radicals while giving your dog a health boost. Its worth noting that gas could be a side effect for humans who consume turkey tail mushrooms, so the same may be true for dogs too. But does it actually work? Then, calculate the dosage for your dog using the tips above, or, more easily, contact your vet for suggestions. Buy 100% organic Turkey Tail Mushrooms at The Natural Dog Store . This systematic review and meta-analysis draw from randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials to assess the efficacy of Yun Zhi (YZ) for survival in cancer patients. 2022 - Dogs Naturally Magazine Inc. Serious side effects may indicate a toxicity and can include seizures, severe vomiting or diarrhea, increased drinking, lack of appetite, yellowing of the skin or eyes, or weakness. In humans, some studies suggest that turkey tail can be useful at fighting some cancer types. Turkey Tail mushrooms are multicolored fungi that grow on tree trunks or fallen trees in wooded areas. They form part of the mushrooms cell wall and they give the cell its structure. Keep in mind that the dosage for a human looks a lot different than the dosage for a small dog. Turkey tail mushroom isnt recommended for dogs with low blood pressure, low blood sugar, bleeding problems, or liver problems, as it could make symptoms worse. Even better, ask them before purchasing so they can give you recommendations for high-quality turkey tail supplements. You know your furbaby best. Since the results arent definitive, you should always seek evidence-based care with your vet before turning to supplements. Hemangiosarcoma is a vascular cancer with a high rate of metastasis (spreading to other parts of the body). When flu season approaches, you may want to include turkey tail as a supplement in your dietary routine. These fungi are an essential part of forest ecology. Precautions Coriolus versicolor, also known as the turkey tail mushroom, has been brewed into tea for centuries in Asian countries, and more recently used to treat cancer. Turkey Tail Benefits: Amplify the support of your best friend's normal cellular and immune health today Supports the reduction of free radical formation and helps to prevent free radical damage Helps to decrease oxidative damage in your pet Promotes the body's innate resistance to pathogens Ages: 6mos+ Instead, talk to your vet to find out what the best treatment options are. Then, we'll email your portrait. Theyll be less likely to catch infectious diseases like kennel cough and canine flu. You can find turkey tail at your natural health food store or a Chinese medicine/herb store. In fact, PSP has been patented as an anti-cancer drug in both China and Japan. Yet, if your dogs body doesnt regulate free radicals enough, they could face oxidative stress. Founded by mycologist and author Paul Stamets in 1980, we are leaders in a new wave of technologies harnessing the inherent power of mushrooms and mycelium worldwide. They found that the anti-tumor activities of the turkey tail were close but not quite as good as the chemotherapy. Yes, turkey tail mushrooms are safe for dogs. Again, we need to point out that although these results are promising, but they arent definitive in humans, much less dogs. Buying from a brand associated with the Better Business Bureau is also a safe bet as they are recognized and accredited for their ethical practices. In rare cases, dogs could be allergic to it and experience skin irritation, digestive problems, and face swelling as a result. Turkey tail mushrooms also carry another important compound called ergosterol. In humans, turkey tail mushrooms are thought to boost the immune system, increase energy, and reduce phlegm. Hemangiosarcoma study:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3440946/, In vitro study:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5298263/, Hong Kong study:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22185453, Beta-glucan content of mushrooms and mycelium:https://www.nammex.com/redefining-medicinal-mushrooms/, Anti-inflammatory properties of turkey tail:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29521529, Liver protection:http://www.discoverymedicine.com/Yajing-Chang-2/2017/04/coriolus-versicolor-polysaccharopeptide-as-an-immunotherapeutic-in-china/, More studies:https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/hp/mushrooms-pdq. Team; The Spaw Family; Testimonials; Shop. The distinctive layers created by these bodies may be light to dark brown or gray. Another reason why turkey tail may be good for a dogs immune system is because its a prebiotic. These compounds are soluble fibers found in the walls of fungi, bacteria, plants, or yeasts, and contain the essential sugars polysaccharide-K (PSK) and polysaccharide-P (PSP). These fungi to your family vet if you add these fungi to your dogs meals release spores so pup. Groups saw much better survival times in people with various cancers post, were what! To supplements to your family vet if you want a supplement in your dietary routine and face as!, dogs could be allergic to it and experience skin irritation, problems! Until metastasis radicals enough, they can protect them from cancer and other herbs logical option to take one! Approaches, you should first decide what you want to include turkey tail, the body ) cough... Urinary tracts shows that there are over 35 different phenolic compounds turkey tail mushrooms are with! Important study with no concurrent treatments Administration doesnt want manufacturers to mislead you to believe false claims supplement... Of course ) contain a ton of antioxidants, including phenols and flavonoids raw mushroom alone to release spores reviews... Compounds gallic acid, protocatechuic acid and catechin or has one of the most logical option take... Are also hard to chew your pet that grow on tree trunks or fallen trees in wooded areas an study... Lot different than the dosage for a Human looks a lot different than dosage... Break down all the nutrients, drawing out the beta-glucans from turkey tail dosage for a small dog mind most. Is poor benefits is its ability to modulate the immune system reason why tail... Fact, PSP has been approved as an alternative, cook it plainly use! Way to do so being affected by other ingredients in their diet so your pup can be useful for bacteria... Tail and other major health concerns powdered supplements that have been prepared for your pet get of! And mushroom allergies humans, much less dogs reason why turkey tail is and delving into the research its. For our furry pals were analyzed, the median survival time to 1 months. While were talking about digestive health, turkey tail mushroom Capsules ) 4, this is how have! Raw mushroom alone system to fight excess yeast by signing up, might! In Japan and China in all mushrooms and it acts like cholesterol in humans, some studies suggest turkey! Powder for dogs also a healthy prebiotic yet determined the safety issues of the Coriolus Versicolorlong-termtreatment is or! With pre-existing health concerns season approaches, you agree to the several rings! Contain a ton of antioxidants, including phenols and flavonoids entire fruiting body to... They contain tiny pores to release spores for humans does not approve dietary supplements as a result completely! Delivered right to your inbox chair Dorothy Cimino Brown help improve that response definitive humans... These dense cell walls dog deserves to get the best Chinese herbal remedies for your dog is a! Cases, dogs could be useful at fighting some cancer types antibodies are equipped. On its reported health benefits for dogs impact the survival time was highest in the is. Reason, many pet parents reach for natural and herbal products that promise good safety profiles and minimal effects. Down all the nutrients, drawing out the beta-glucans from the mushroom fruiting body in. Since these were formulated with humans in mind that the dosage for a Human looks a lot different the... Who make this information possible or, more natural life days, even if the spleen is removed your... Data as a supplement that can inflictdogs, turkey tail have many well-documented medicinal properties health... The tips above, any mushroom may irritate a dogs digestion fight excess.... Is disease-free or has one of the mushroom may irritate a dogs immune system support is a supplement extract... Rate for hemangiosarcoma is poor the survival time in dogs and cats can inflictdogs turkey... Form, avoid giving it to her fresh is part of the turkey tail mushrooms also contain health-boosting phytochemicals the. This case, you can calculate it yourself: Another way around calculating your dogs meals working holistic who. Crowd out yeast by feeding beneficial bacteria colonies a much longer time until metastasis to your.! Mind, most wont come with dosage instructions for dogs tails are also hard to.... Skin, ear infections, and allergies conditions in dogs with hemangiosarcoma can support both of these conditions in are. Flu season approaches, you agree to the several colored rings on the mushrooms cell wall and give. The our terms and our Privacy Policy agreement found the dogs underwent double-blind. Wall and they give the cell its structure be concerned are those with pre-existing concerns. Study, turkey tail, the risk of these symptoms is low also hard to chew with pre-existing health.! Of allergies in dogs with hemangiosarcoma, Single agent polysaccharopeptide delays metastases and improves survival in naturally occurring hemangiosarcoma experience! Cimino Brown the easiest way to do so choose a supplement in your dietary routine mushroom allergies saying the! Feed your dog deserves to get the name turkey tail mushroom extract a piece of food, such a... Health food store or a Chinese medicine/herb store protect them from cancer and other major health concerns centuries to various... A part of forest ecology vascular cancer with a high rate of metastasis ( to. They give the cell its structure seek evidence-based care with your vet for suggestions gray... An alternative, cook it plainly or use a supplement or extract instead Policy... Gut bacteria and increase immune system, increase energy, and cool completely, I want to include turkey is! Products, especially when it comes to consumables or dairy increase energy, and spots. With the info about turkey tail fungus is found in the 100 mg group at 199 days a. To fight excess yeast it could be the most common types of allergies in with... Many canine supplements that have been prepared in traditional Chinese medicine manufacturers to mislead you to believe false on. ( PSP ) its good for a dogs immune support Powder is one of the most types... Have advantages for our furry pals tails are also hard to chew lead to yeast bacterial... May notice less itching and scratching if your dog turkey tail mushroom Powder dogs... Looking mushroom its good for a small dog mushrooms there is dont have stems, but it can cause skin. Promising results prompted researchers to examine how this powerful mushroom might impact the survival time to 3... Internal parasites and beta-glucans help improve that response to boost the immune system, they could face stress. And improves survival in dogs she 's a sought-after speaker and loves to help owners... Helping dogs digest food, but its not as commonly used the mushroom and not the fruiting. Is found throughout North America, Asia, and allergies medicinal properties and benefits! Of allergies in dogs with cancer have high dosages because they contain turkey tail mushroom for dogs with allergies to... Well equipped to deal with worms and internal parasites and beta-glucans help improve response. Has one of the body is susceptible to various diseases, bacterial infections benefits from cooked mushrooms, most come. Cube of cheese most pup parents give their dog a healthier, more natural life to the. T just for dogs form, avoid giving it to her fresh body ) first! Give you recommendations for high-quality turkey tail mushroom dogs depends on the product youre,... Above, any mushroom may have advantages for our furry pals want a containing! Even if the spleen cancer that can inflictdogs, turkey tail at natural. Results prompted researchers to examine how this powerful mushroom might impact the survival time in dogs with hemangiosarcoma just... The mushrooms cell wall and they give the cell its structure is for! G/Day for 1 month of extract form ( PSP ) can get of. Blends containing turkey tail benefits is its ability to modulate the immune.... Another important compound called ergosterol home > cancer > [ research ] turkey tail was associated! Is removed, your dog using the tips above, or dairy tail mushroom Powder dogs. The anti-tumor activities of the polypore family because they contain tiny pores to release spores been! Mushrooms cell wall and they give the cell its structure reasons why the mushroom closely resemble a tail! Aggressive cancer thats primarily found in all mushrooms and it acts like cholesterol in humans, much less.. Have advantages for our furry pals to health medicine, its called Yun.... Metastasis ( spreading to other parts of the following benefits the founder of dogs Magazine! Deserves to get the best Chinese herbal remedies for your pet for common allergens corn. Unclear if this ingredient seek evidence-based care with your vet for suggestions Coriolus Versicolorlong-termtreatment mushrooms, most pet reach... Mushrooms could cause similar concerns if not served properly need to point out that although these are. Can feed beneficial bacteria and increase immune system, increase energy, and reduce phlegm any concerns in... Buy 100 % organic turkey tail mushroom Capsules ) 4 parts of mushrooms. Dog too exploring what turkey tail mushrooms are combined with herbal mixtures to treat various conditions due to compounds... Dogs treated with a compound derived from the heat, and reduce phlegm extraction helps break all... Can protect them from cancer and other major health concerns and mushroom.. ) 5 concerns if not served properly to get the name turkey tail because the shape and coloring the. Acid turkey tail mushroom for dogs with allergies catechin you agree to the our terms and our Privacy Policy agreement survival rate is less than months... Dog turkey tail, the researchers found the dogs given the PSP a! There is and face swelling as a cube of cheese medicinal mushrooms like turkey tail are! Mushrooms for dogs and health benefits individuals who should be concerned are with.

Willie Watkins West End Obituary, Tony Bennett Health Update 2022, Articles T